Immunosorbent assay bluetongue african horse sickness and related orbiviruses proceedings of the second international symposium 1992666 70 77 mecham jo jochim mm comparison of the neutralizing immune responses of sheep and cattle to bluetongue viruses 768 75. Bluetongue african horse sickness and related orbiviruses proceedings of the second international symposium provides the latest scientific information about this group of orbiviruses which are transmitted by species of culicoides biting midges and are important causes of disease in domestic livestock and wildlife originally presented at the second international symposium on the . Bluetongue african horse sickness and related orbiviruses proceedings of the second international symposium walton thomas e osburn bennie i on amazoncomau free shipping on eligible orders bluetongue african horse sickness and related orbiviruses proceedings of the second international symposium. Orbiviruses are the cause of important and apparently emerging arboviral diseases of livestock including bluetongue virus btv african horse sickness virus ahsv equine encephalosis virus eev and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus ehdv that are all transmitted by haematophagous culicoides insects. Symposium bluetongue african horse sickness and related orbiviruses proceedings of the second international symposium 1992887 90 46 house ja lombard m house c dubourget p mebus ca bluetongue and african horse sickness situation in egypt african horse sickness ahs is a noncontagious viral disease affecting all species of equidae